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Verbs


Unlike nouns, irregularity is still common in verbs however has been massively reduced. Only one verb is entirely irregular which is been - to be. All verbs are eithe regular and follow the typical conjugation provided below, or have an irregular past tense.

Conjugation of the verb: akshan - to ask

1-Person 2-Person 3-Person Plural
Present akshe /ak.ʃə/ akshsst /akʃst/ aksht /akʃt/ akshan /ak.ʃn/
Past akshte /ak.ʃtə/ akshte /ak.ʃtə/ akshte /ak.ʃtə/ akshte /ak.ʃtə/

Past Participle: akshad /ak.ʃad/

Present Participle: akshind /ak.ʃind/

Here are the irregular forms of been

1-Person 2-Person 3-Person Plural
Present aom /aom/ is /iz/ is /iz/ bee /bee/
Past vass /vas/ vass /vas/ vass /vas/ vass /vas/

Past Participle: been /bin/

Present Participle: bind /bind/

In standard sentences the acting verb always occurs in the second position of the sentence.

Hi tveette vodoua enn.
He carved the wood.
3.M.NOM carve-PAST wood DET

In polar questions, however, the verb will take the first position. This does not occur in interrogative sentences generally, it maintains second position but remains ahead of the agent.

Maksste thoua that?
Did you make that?
make-PAST 2.SG.NOM DEM.SG

Vat sprak docter enn at thee?
What did the doctor say to you?.
INT speak.PAST doctor DET to 2.SG.ACC

As observed in the previous sentence, verbs in Royvaldian often have irregular forms in the past tense.

Heia thingt that hi is hire hond.
She thinks that he is her dog.
3.F.SG.NOM think-3.PRES REFL 3.M.SG.NOM be.PRES 3.F.SG.GEN dog

Yi thochte that hi vass meen hond.
I thought that he was my dog.
1.SG.NOM think.3.PAST REFL 3.M.SG.NOM be.PAST 1.SG.GEN dog

Royvaldian uses the present participle to describe a figure performing an action or existing in a particular state.

Yi sprak at this lechind man enn.
I spoke to the laughing man.
1.NOM.SG speak.PAST to DET.SG laugh-APRT man DET

Meen freiand vass lechind.
My friend was laughing.
1.GEN.SG friend be.PAST laugh-APRT

Past participle allows for the expression of perfect sentences with the aid of auxiliary verb (haban), and describe an action or state that had occured.

Heia hate sprekad at hire freiand, todey.
She had spoken to her friend, today.
3.F.NOM.SG have-PAST speak-PPART to 3.F.GEN.SG friend today

Thoua threia this brekad dish enn at mi.
You threw the broken plate at me.
2.NOM.SG throw.PAST DET.SG break-PPART DET at 1.ACC.SG

Gerunds are formed via the -ing suffix

Yi liksse voashing.
I like cleaning.
1.NOM.SG like-1.PRES clean-GER

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